GLAUCOMA - This is vision loss caused by the damaged optic nerve. It is also known as “sneak thief/stealer of sight” as they are not usually noticed until vision is lost. Unfortunately, vision loss resulting from Glaucoma cannot be corrected. However, if it is detected on time, the loss of vision can either be stopped or slowed down; hence it is vital to take a comprehensive eye examination as often as possible. Some persons are more susceptible than others, e.g., people over 60 or with a glaucoma family history.

REFRACTIVE ERRORS (BLURRED VISION) - This is a common visual disorder; the eye can no longer focus on the object it captures because the outside world attracts attention, resulting in blurred vision. This disorder comes in the following forms. Myopia (Nearsightedness) – objects can be seen clearly when closeby, but they are blurry when far away. Hyperopia (Farsightedness) – objects are clear when they are far away, but they become blurry when closeby. Presbyopia – occurs in people who are over 40 and are unable to read small prints or focus on objects close to them. Astigmatism – This gives the person in question a blurred vision caused by cornea shape. These situations can result from family history (genetics) and age.

CATARACT - This occurs due to the eye lens becoming cloudy, leading to poor night vision, especially during driving due to bright lights’ intensity from other cars. Commonly young children and adults experience this. Fortunately, the success rate of treatment is high and widely available. The risk factors for this condition include:
Age (above 60)
Alcohol and smoking
Diabetes
Excess exposure to sunlight

CEREBRAL PALSY - The term, 'Cerebral Palsy', is used to describe a group of chronic conditions which affect body movements and muscle coordination in persons affected with the disorder. Cerebral Palsy causes damage to one or more particular areas of the person's brain, and usually occurs during fetal development or before, during, or shortly after birth; although the damage may be done during infancy. Cerebral Palsy disorders are not caused by problems in the person's nerves or muscles. Faults in the development or damage to motor areas in the person's brain disrupt their brain's ability to control posture and movement.

SPINAL BIFIDA AND MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY - Spina Bifida is a form of neural tube defect. Neural tube defects involve incomplete development of the brain, spinal cord, or their protective coverings, which are caused by the failure of the fetus' spine to close properly during the first month of pregnancy. Children who are born with Spina Bifida may have an open lesion on their spine where notable damage to their nerves and spinal cord has happened. Persons with Spina Bifida often experience a form of learning disability with physical and mobility disability.
          'Muscular Dystrophy' describes a group of genetic diseases which are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the person's skeletal or voluntary muscles used to control movement.

BRAIN INJURY AND HEART DEFECTS - Also called the acquired brain injury, that can occur due to damages to the individual’s brain after birth. They are often caused by several factors such as stroke, infections, cancer, or insufficient oxygen. There can be a different result of this disorder; for example, a person can have spasticity problems, which means their muscles can suddenly contract or tighten or have problems with their balance.
          During early pregnancy, as the heart begins to form, a heart defect may develop as well. These defects might impact the function and mechanics of a person's heart. Some of the children who develop heart defects show symptoms of them promptly after being born. Others do not show any symptoms until early childhood.